Sensory and Motor Systems

1.  What is the difference between sensation and perception?
2.  Define a sensory receptor.
3.  How does signal transduction generate a receptor potential?
4.  Some sensory receptors are said to adapt. Define adaptation.
5.  Sensory receptors are categorized by the stimulus (energy type) to which they are most sensitive. Name some of these
categories and explain their mechanism of action.
6.  Why would different kinds of animals have different types of receptors?



Vision  Hearing and Balance Smell and Taste 

7. What is the difference between movement and locomotion?
8.  What are some examples of locomotion?
9.  Why do many animals have skeletons?
10. List the different types of skeletons present in animals
11. Why do we need antagonistic pairs of muscle to have efficient movement?
12. List the subunits of a skeletal muscle cell.
13. Draw and label a sarcomere.
14. What proteins are important in contraction and its regulation?
15. Explain the sliding-filament theory of muscle contraction
16. Actin and myosin bind spontaneously but this does not happen in a muscle at rest. 17. What is a twitch?
18. What is meant by the phrase “ a twitch is an all-or none event”?
19. If a twitch is an all-or-none event, how do we ensure that the tension generated by the muscle is equal to the to the load to
be lifted?
20. What is meant by
        -Motor unit
        -Recruitment
21. How is muscle adapted for different activities such as weight lifting versus long distance running?
22. What do skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscles have in common? What are some of their differences?