Cellular Respiration
- What is an oxidation/reduction reaction and how do these
reactions
result in the release of energy? In the overall summarizing
reaction
of cellular respiration (C6H12O6 + O2
--> CO2 + H2O), what is being oxidized?
What is being reduced?
- Understand the function of electron carrier molecules (NAD+,
and FAD) in cellular respiration. How are they reduced to NADH
and FADH2?
- Where in the cell/mitochondria (matrix, inner mitochondrial
membrane,
intermembrane space) do each of the three stages of cellular
respiration
occur?
- What do we mean when we say that energy is harnessed during glycolysis
through substrate level phosphorylation of ADP and oxidation of
glucose to pyruvate. What happens to
these pyruvate
molecules if oxygen is present (aerobic metabolism)? What
happens to them if it is not present (anaerobic metabolism)?
- Describe in general the two ways energy is harnessed during the Krebs
cycle. How are ATP, NADH, FADH2 produced during
the
Krebs cycle? Why do we refer to the Krebs cycle as the main
oxidative pathway of cellular respiration?
- Once the NADHs and FADH2s of glycolysis and the Krebs
cycle
are produced, what is their function in the cell?
- Describe the Chemiosmotic Model of ATP production during
the Electron
Transport Chains of cellular respiration with respect to the
following:
- What is the role of cytochromes during the electron transport
chain?
- What is the function of oxygen in cell respiration?
- What is a proton motive force, and how is it used to
produce
ATP?
- What is the role of ATP Synthase?
- Describe the anaerobic pathway know as fermentation.
Understand
that muscle cells are facultative anaerobes (they can switch between
aerobic
cellular respiration and fermentation) and why.
- How are other organic molecules like fats and proteins
metabolized?